In settings with interference, it is common to utilize estimands defined by exposure mappings to summarize the impact of variation in treatment assignments local to the ego. This paper studies their causal interpretation under weak restrictions on interference. We demonstrate that the estimands can exhibit unpalatable sign reversals under conventional identification conditions. This motivates the formulation of sign preservation criteria for causal interpretability. To satisfy preferred criteria, it is necessary to impose restrictions on interference, either in potential outcomes or selection into treatment. We provide sufficient conditions and show that they are satisfied by a nonparametric model allowing for a complex form of interference in both the outcome and selection stages.

翻译：在存在干扰的情景中，通常利用由暴露映射定义的估计量来总结以个体为中心的处理分配变异的局部影响。本文研究在弱干扰限制条件下这些估计量的因果解释。我们证明，在常规识别条件下，这些估计量可能表现出令人不快的符号反转现象。这促使我们提出用于因果可解释性的符号保持准则。为满足偏好准则，必须对干扰施加限制，无论是潜在结果层面还是选择进入处理层面。我们给出充分条件，并证明这些条件可由一个非参数模型满足，该模型允许结果阶段和选择阶段均存在复杂形式的干扰。