Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has emerged as a promising technology for fast wireless data aggregation by harnessing the superposition property of wireless multiple-access channels. This paper investigates a fluid antenna (FA) array-enhanced AirComp system, employing the new degrees of freedom achieved by antenna movements. Specifically, we jointly optimize the transceiver design and antenna position vector (APV) to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between target and estimated function values. To tackle the resulting highly non-convex problem, we adopt an alternating optimization technique to decompose it into three subproblems. These subproblems are then iteratively solved until convergence, leading to a locally optimal solution. Numerical results show that FA arrays with the proposed transceiver and APV design significantly outperform the traditional fixed-position antenna arrays in terms of MSE.

翻译：空中计算（AirComp）通过利用无线多址信道的叠加特性，已成为一种实现快速无线数据聚合的前沿技术。本文研究了一种采用流体天线（FA）阵列增强的空中计算系统，该系统利用天线移动带来的新自由度。具体而言，我们联合优化收发机设计与天线位置向量（APV），以最小化目标函数值与估计函数值之间的均方误差（MSE）。为求解这一高度非凸问题，我们采用交替优化技术将其分解为三个子问题，通过迭代求解直至收敛，从而得到局部最优解。数值结果表明，与传统固定位置天线阵列相比，所提出的FA阵列结合收发机与APV设计在均方误差性能上具有显著优势。