Bio-digital systems that merge microbial life with technology promise new modes of computation, combining biological adaptability with digital precision. Yet realizing this potential symbiotically -- where biological and digital agents co-adapt and co-process -- remains elusive, largely due to the absence of a shared vocabulary bridging biology and computing. Consequently, microbes are often constrained to uni-directional roles, functioning as sensors or actuators rather than as active, computational partners in bio-digital systems. In response, we propose a taxonomy and pathways that articulate and expand the roles of biological and digital entities for synergetic bio-digital computation. Using this taxonomy, we analysed 70 systems across HCI, design, and engineering, identifying how biological mechanisms can be mapped onto computational abstractions. We argue that such mappings enable computationally actionable directions that foster richer and reciprocal relationships in bio-digital systems, supporting regenerative ecologies across time and scale while inspiring new paradigms for computation in HCI.

翻译：将微生物生命与技术融合的生物-数字系统有望实现新的计算模式，结合生物适应性与数字精确性。然而，以共生方式实现这一潜力——即生物与数字主体共同适应、共同处理——仍难以企及，主要原因是缺乏连接生物学与计算科学的共同词汇体系。因此，微生物常被局限于单向功能，仅作为传感器或执行器，而非生物-数字系统中活跃的计算伙伴。为此，我们提出一种分类体系与实现路径，用以阐明并拓展生物与数字实体在协同生物-数字计算中的角色。基于该分类法，我们分析了人机交互、设计与工程领域的70个系统，揭示了生物机制如何映射到计算抽象层面。我们认为，此类映射能够催生具有计算可行性的发展方向，在生物-数字系统中培育更丰富、更互惠的协同关系，从而支持跨时空尺度的再生生态，同时为人机交互领域的新型计算范式提供灵感。