Digital transformation (DT) has become a strategic priority for public administrations, particularly due to the need to deliver more efficient and citizen-centered services and respond to societal expectations, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). In this context, the main objective of this study is to propose an innovative methodology to automatically evaluate the level of digital transformation (DT) in public sector organizations. The proposed approach combines traditional assessment methods with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The methodology follows a dual approach: on the one hand, surveys are conducted using specialized staff from various public entities; on the other, AI-based models (including neural networks and transformer architectures) are used to estimate the DT level of the organizations automatically. Our approach has been applied to a real-world case study involving local public administrations in the Valencian Community (Spain) and shown effective performance in assessing DT. While the proposed methodology has been validated in a specific local context, its modular structure and dual-source data foundation support its international scalability, acknowledging that administrative, regulatory, and DT maturity factors may condition its broader applicability. The experiments carried out in this work include (i) the creation of a domain-specific corpus derived from the surveys and websites of several organizations, used to train the proposed models; (ii) the use and comparison of diverse AI methods; and (iii) the validation of our approach using real data. The integration of technologies such as the IoT, sensor networks, and AI-based analytics can significantly support resilient, agile urban environments and the transition towards more effective and sustainable Smart City models.

翻译：数字化转型已成为公共行政部门的战略优先事项，这尤其源于提供更高效、以公民为中心的服务需求，以及应对社会期望、ESG（环境、社会和治理）标准和联合国可持续发展目标的需要。在此背景下，本研究的主要目标是提出一种创新方法，用于自动评估公共部门组织的数字化转型水平。所提出的方法将传统评估方法与人工智能技术相结合。该方法遵循双重路径：一方面，通过对各类公共实体的专业人员进行问卷调查；另一方面，利用基于AI的模型（包括神经网络和Transformer架构）自动估算组织的数字化转型水平。我们的方法已应用于涉及西班牙瓦伦西亚自治区地方公共行政部门的真实案例研究，并在评估数字化转型方面显示出有效性能。尽管所提出的方法已在特定地方背景下得到验证，但其模块化结构和双源数据基础支持其国际可扩展性，同时承认行政、监管和数字化转型成熟度因素可能影响其更广泛的适用性。本工作中开展的实验包括：（i）基于多个组织的调查问卷和网站创建领域特定语料库，用于训练所提出的模型；（ii）多种AI方法的使用与比较；（iii）利用真实数据验证我们的方法。物联网、传感器网络和基于AI的分析等技术的整合，能够显著支持韧性、敏捷的城市环境，并推动向更高效、可持续的智慧城市模式过渡。