The energy market encompasses the behavior of energy supply and trading within a platform system. By utilizing centralized or distributed trading, energy can be effectively managed and distributed across different regions, thereby achieving market equilibrium and satisfying both producers and consumers. However, recent years have presented unprecedented challenges and difficulties for the development of the energy market. These challenges include regional energy imbalances, volatile energy pricing, high computing costs, and issues related to transaction information disclosure. Researchers widely acknowledge that the security features of blockchain technology can enhance the efficiency of energy transactions and establish the fundamental stability and robustness of the energy market. This type of blockchain-enabled energy market is commonly referred to as an energy blockchain. Currently, there is a burgeoning amount of research in this field, encompassing algorithm design, framework construction, and practical application. It is crucial to organize and compare these research efforts to facilitate the further advancement of energy blockchain. This survey aims to comprehensively review the fundamental characteristics of blockchain and energy markets, highlighting the significant advantages of combining the two. Moreover, based on existing research outcomes, we will categorize and compare the current energy market research supported by blockchain in terms of algorithm design, market framework construction, and the policies and practical applications adopted by different countries. Finally, we will address current issues and propose potential future directions for improvement, to provide guidance for the practical implementation of blockchain in the energy market.

翻译：能源市场涵盖了平台系统内能源供应与交易的行为。通过集中式或分布式交易，能源可在不同区域间有效管理与分配，从而实现市场均衡，满足生产者和消费者的需求。然而，近年来能源市场的发展面临前所未有的挑战与困难，包括区域能源失衡、能源价格波动、高计算成本以及交易信息披露相关问题。研究人员普遍认为，区块链技术的安全特性能够提升能源交易效率，并奠定能源市场的基础稳定性与鲁棒性。这种由区块链赋能的能源市场通常被称为能源区块链。目前，该领域的研究蓬勃发展，涵盖算法设计、框架构建及实际应用。系统梳理与比较这些研究成果，对于推动能源区块链的进一步发展至关重要。本综述旨在全面回顾区块链与能源市场的基本特征，强调两者结合的重大优势。此外，基于现有研究成果，我们将从算法设计、市场框架构建以及各国采用的政策与实际应用等方面，对当前由区块链支持的能源市场研究进行分类与比较。最后，我们将探讨当前存在的问题，并提出未来可能的改进方向，为区块链在能源市场中的实际应用提供指导。