The swift progress and ubiquitous adoption of Generative AI (GAI), Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), and large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, have spurred queries about their ethical application, use, and disclosure in scholarly research and scientific productions. A few publishers and journals have recently created their own sets of rules; however, the absence of a unified approach may lead to a 'Babel Tower Effect,' potentially resulting in confusion rather than desired standardization. In response to this, we present the ChatGPT, Generative Artificial Intelligence, and Natural Large Language Models for Accountable Reporting and Use Guidelines (CANGARU) initiative, with the aim of fostering a cross-disciplinary global inclusive consensus on the ethical use, disclosure, and proper reporting of GAI/GPT/LLM technologies in academia. The present protocol consists of four distinct parts: a) an ongoing systematic review of GAI/GPT/LLM applications to understand the linked ideas, findings, and reporting standards in scholarly research, and to formulate guidelines for its use and disclosure, b) a bibliometric analysis of existing author guidelines in journals that mention GAI/GPT/LLM, with the goal of evaluating existing guidelines, analyzing the disparity in their recommendations, and identifying common rules that can be brought into the Delphi consensus process, c) a Delphi survey to establish agreement on the items for the guidelines, ensuring principled GAI/GPT/LLM use, disclosure, and reporting in academia, and d) the subsequent development and dissemination of the finalized guidelines and their supplementary explanation and elaboration documents.

翻译：生成式人工智能（GAI）、生成式预训练Transformer（GPTs）及ChatGPT等大语言模型（LLMs）的迅速进展与广泛普及，引发了关于其在学术研究与科学产出中伦理应用、使用规范及透明度要求的诸多质疑。部分出版商和期刊已各自制定规则体系，但缺乏统一方法可能导致“巴别塔效应”，反而造成混乱，而非预期的标准化。为此，我们提出《ChatGPT、生成式人工智能及自然大语言模型用于负责任报告与使用指南》（CANGARU）倡议，旨在通过跨学科全球共识机制，推动GAI/GPT/LLM技术在学术界的伦理使用、透明度规范及恰当报告标准。本方案包含四个独立部分：a) 对GAI/GPT/LLM应用开展持续系统综述，以理解学术研究中关联概念、发现及报告规范，并制定使用与披露指南；b) 对提及GAI/GPT/LLM的期刊现有作者指南进行文献计量分析，评估现有指南，解析其建议差异，识别可纳入德尔菲共识流程的通用规则；c) 通过德尔菲调查确立指南条目共识，保障学术领域GAI/GPT/LLM的原则性使用、披露与报告；d) 最终完成指南及配套解释与阐述文件的制定与推广。