Let $\mathcal{G}$ be the set of all the planar embeddings of a (not necessarily connected) $n$-vertex graph $G$. We present a bijection $\Phi$ from $\mathcal{G}$ to the natural numbers in the interval $[0 \dots |\mathcal{G}| - 1]$. Given a planar embedding $\mathcal{E}$ of $G$, we show that $\Phi(\mathcal{E})$ can be decomposed into a sequence of $O(n)$ natural numbers each describing a specific feature of $\mathcal{E}$. The function $\Phi$, which is a ranking function for $\mathcal{G}$, can be computed in $O(n)$ time, while its inverse unranking function $\Phi^{-1}$ can be computed in $O(n \alpha(n))$ time. The results of this paper can be of practical use to uniformly at random generating the planar embeddings of a graph $G$ or to enumerating such embeddings with amortized constant delay. Also, they can be used to counting, enumerating or uniformly at random generating constrained planar embeddings of $G$.
翻译:令 $\mathcal{G}$ 为(不一定连通的)$n$ 顶点图 $G$ 的所有平面嵌入的集合。我们提出一个双射 $\Phi$,将 $\mathcal{G}$ 映射到区间 $[0 \dots |\mathcal{G}| - 1]$ 内的自然数。给定 $G$ 的一个平面嵌入 $\mathcal{E}$,我们证明 $\Phi(\mathcal{E})$ 可分解为 $O(n)$ 个自然数的序列,每个数描述 $\mathcal{E}$ 的一个特定特征。函数 $\Phi$ 作为 $\mathcal{G}$ 的排序函数,可在 $O(n)$ 时间内计算,而其逆函数(逆排序函数)$\Phi^{-1}$ 可在 $O(n \alpha(n))$ 时间内计算。本文的结果可实际应用于均匀随机生成图 $G$ 的平面嵌入,或以摊销常数延迟枚举此类嵌入。此外,它们还可用于计数、枚举或均匀随机生成 $G$ 的约束平面嵌入。