Intricate interactions among firms, institutions, and spatial structures shape urban economic systems. In this study, we propose a framework based on three structural dimensions -- abundance, diversity, and longevity (ADL) of economic units -- as proxies of urban economic complexity and resilience. Using a decade of georeferenced firm-level data from Mexico City, we analyze the relationships among ADL variables using regression, spatial correlation, and time-series clustering. Our results reveal nonlinear dynamics across urban space, with powerlaw behavior in central zones and logarithmic saturation in peripheral areas, suggesting differentiated growth regimes. Notably, firm longevity modulates the relationship between abundance and diversity, particularly in periurban transition zones. These spatial patterns point to an emerging polycentric restructuring within a traditionally monocentric metropolis. By integrating economic complexity theory with spatial analysis, our approach provides a scalable method to assess the adaptive capacity of urban economies. This has implications for understanding informality, designing inclusive urban policies, and navigating structural transitions in rapidly urbanizing regions.

翻译：企业、机构与空间结构之间错综复杂的相互作用塑造了城市经济系统。本研究提出一个基于经济单元三个结构维度——丰度、多样性与存续期（ADL）——的框架，作为城市经济复杂性与韧性的代理指标。利用墨西哥城十年间的地理参照企业级数据，我们通过回归分析、空间相关性与时间序列聚类方法，探究了ADL变量间的关联。研究结果揭示了跨越城市空间的非线性动态：中心区域呈现幂律行为，而外围区域则表现出对数饱和特征，这暗示了差异化的增长模式。值得注意的是，企业存续期调节了丰度与多样性之间的关系，这种调节效应在城乡过渡带尤为显著。这些空间格局指向传统单中心大都市内部正在形成的多中心重构趋势。通过将经济复杂性理论与空间分析相结合，本研究方法为评估城市经济的适应能力提供了一种可扩展的路径。这对理解非正规经济、设计包容性城市政策以及引导快速城市化地区的结构转型具有重要启示。