This paper presents a novel adversary model specifically tailored to distributed systems, aiming to assess the security of blockchain networks. Building upon concepts such as adversarial assumptions, goals, and capabilities, our proposed adversary model classifies and constrains the use of adversarial actions based on classical distributed system models, defined by both failure and communication models. The objective is to study the effects of these allowed actions on the properties of distributed protocols under various system models. A significant aspect of our research involves integrating this adversary model into the Multi-Agent eXperimenter (MAX) framework. This integration enables fine-grained simulations of adversarial attacks on blockchain networks. In this paper, we particularly study four distinct fairness properties on Hyperledger Fabric with the Byzantine Fault Tolerant Tendermint consensus algorithm being selected for its ordering service. We define novel attacks that combine adversarial actions on both protocols, with the aim of violating a specific client-fairness property. Simulations confirm our ability to violate this property and allow us to evaluate the impact of these attacks on several order-fairness properties that relate orders of transaction reception and delivery.

翻译：本文提出了一种专门针对分布式系统的新型对手模型，旨在评估区块链网络的安全性。基于对抗性假设、目标和能力等概念，我们提出的对手模型根据经典分布式系统模型（由故障模型和通信模型定义）对对抗性行为的使用进行了分类和约束。研究目标是探讨这些允许的行为在不同系统模型下对分布式协议属性的影响。我们研究中的一个重要方面是将该对手模型集成到多智能体实验器（MAX）框架中。这种集成使得能够对区块链网络上的对抗性攻击进行细粒度仿真。在本文中，我们特别研究了HyperLedger Fabric上的四种不同公平性属性，并选择了拜占庭容错Tendermint共识算法作为其排序服务。我们定义了结合两种协议对抗性行为的新型攻击，旨在破坏特定的客户端公平性属性。仿真结果证实了我们破坏该属性的能力，并使我们能够评估这些攻击对多个与交易接收和交付顺序相关的顺序公平性属性的影响。