While human mobility plays a crucial role in determining air pollution exposures and health risks, research to-date has assessed risks based solely on residential location. Here we leveraged a database of ~ 130 million workers in the US and published PM2.5 data between 2011-2018 to explore how incorporating information on both workplace and residential location changes our understanding of disparities in air pollution exposure. In general, we observed higher workplace exposures (W) relative to home exposures (H), as well as increasing exposures for non-white and less educated workers relative to the national average. Workplace exposure disparities were higher among racial and ethnic groups and job-types than by income, education, age, and sex. Not considering workplace exposures can lead to systematic underestimations in disparities to exposure among these subpopulations. We also quantified the error in assigning workers H, instead of a weighted home-and-work (HW) exposure. We observed that biases in associations between PM2.5 and health impacts by using H instead of HW were highest among urban, younger populations.

翻译：虽然人类流动性在决定空气污染暴露和健康风险中起着关键作用，但迄今为止的研究仅基于居住地点评估风险。我们利用美国约1.3亿工人的数据库和2011-2018年间已发表的PM2.5数据，探究将工作场所和居住地信息相结合如何改变我们对空气污染暴露不平等的理解。总体而言，我们观察到工作场所暴露（W）高于家庭暴露（H），且非白人和受教育程度较低的工人相对于全国平均水平的暴露增加。种族和民族群体以及工作类型之间的工作场所暴露不平等高于收入、教育、年龄和性别差异。不考虑工作场所暴露可能导致对这些亚群体暴露不平等的系统性低估。我们还量化了使用H代替加权家庭与工作（HW）暴露分配给工人时产生的误差。我们观察到，与使用H相比，使用HW代替H时PM2.5与健康影响之间关联的偏差在城市和年轻人群中最高。