We evaluate the performance of the LoRaWAN Long-Range Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) technique using a device-level probabilistic strategy for code rate and header replica allocation. Specifically, we investigate the effects of different header replica and code rate allocations at each end-device, guided by a probability distribution provided by the network server. As a benchmark, we compare the proposed strategy with the standardized LR-FHSS data rates DR8 and DR9. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed strategy consistently outperforms the DR8 and DR9 standard data rates across all considered scenarios. Notably, our findings reveal that the optimal distribution rarely includes data rate DR9, while data rate DR8 significantly contributes to the goodput and energy efficiency optimizations.

翻译：我们采用一种设备级的概率策略来分配码率与头部副本，以评估LoRaWAN长距离跳频扩频（LR-FHSS）技术的性能。具体而言，我们研究了在网络服务器提供的概率分布指导下，每个终端设备采用不同头部副本数量与码率分配方案的效果。作为基准，我们将所提出的策略与标准化的LR-FHSS数据速率DR8和DR9进行了比较。数值结果表明，在所有考虑的场景中，所提出的策略均持续优于标准的DR8和DR9数据速率。值得注意的是，我们的研究发现，最优分布中极少包含数据速率DR9，而数据速率DR8对提升有效吞吐量与能量效率优化具有显著贡献。