Future wireless networks and sensing systems will benefit from access to large chunks of spectrum above 100 GHz, to achieve terabit-per-second data rates in 6th Generation (6G) cellular systems and improve accuracy and reach of Earth exploration and sensing and radio astronomy applications. These are extremely sensitive to interference from artificial signals, thus the spectrum above 100 GHz features several bands which are protected from active transmissions under current spectrum regulations. To provide more agile access to the spectrum for both services, active and passive users will have to coexist without harming passive sensing operations. In this paper, we provide the first, fundamental analysis of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) that large-scale terrestrial deployments introduce in different satellite sensing systems now orbiting the Earth. We develop a geometry-based analysis and extend it into a data-driven model which accounts for realistic propagation, building obstruction, ground reflection, for network topology with up to $10^5$ nodes in more than $85$ km$^2$. We show that the presence of harmful RFI depends on several factors, including network load, density and topology, satellite orientation, and building density. The results and methodology provide the foundation for the development of coexistence solutions and spectrum policy towards 6G.

翻译：未来无线网络与传感系统将受益于100 GHz以上大频谱资源的接入，以实现第六代（6G）蜂窝系统每秒太比特的数据速率，并提升地球探测、传感及射电天文学应用的精度与覆盖范围。这些应用对人工信号产生的干扰极为敏感，因此在现行频谱法规下，100 GHz以上频段有多个频带受保护免于有源传输。为使两种服务能更灵活地接入频谱，有源与无源用户需在不损害无源传感运行的前提下实现共存。本文首次对大规模地面部署系统在当前轨道运行的多种卫星传感系统中引入的射频干扰（RFI）进行了基础性分析。我们发展了一种基于几何的分析方法，并将其扩展为数据驱动模型，该模型考虑了真实传播、建筑物遮挡、地面反射等因素，适用于超过85 km²区域内节点数高达$10^5$的网络拓扑。研究表明，有害RFI的存在取决于多个因素，包括网络负载、密度与拓扑、卫星朝向以及建筑物密度。本文的研究结果与方法为面向6G的共存解决方案与频谱政策制定奠定了基础。