This study employs the annual unbalanced panel data of 42 listed banks in China from 2006 to 2021, adopts the non-radial and non-oriented super-efficiency Data envelopment analysis (Super-SBM-UND-VRS based DEA) model considering NPL as undesired output. Our results show that the profitability super-efficiency of State-owned banks and Rural/City Commercial Banks is better than that of Joint-stock Banks. In terms of intermediary efficiency(deposit and loan), state-owned banks have advantage on other two type of banks. The determinants analysis shows that all type of banks significantly benefits from the decrease of ownership concentration which support reformation and IPO. Regional commercial banks significantly benefit from the decrease of customer concentration and the increase of reserves. On the other hand, State-owned banks should increase its loan to deposit ratio while joint-stock banks should do the opposite.

翻译：本研究采用2006年至2021年间中国42家上市银行的年度非平衡面板数据，运用考虑不良贷款作为非期望产出的非径向、非导向超效率数据包络分析模型（基于Super-SBM-UND-VRS的DEA模型）。研究结果表明，国有银行与农村/城市商业银行的盈利超效率优于股份制银行。在存贷款中介效率方面，国有银行较其他两类银行具有优势。影响因素分析显示，所有权集中度的降低对所有类型银行均有显著正向影响，这支持了银行改革与首次公开募股的政策。区域性商业银行显著受益于客户集中度的降低与准备金规模的增加。另一方面，国有银行应提高其存贷比，而股份制银行则应采取相反策略。