In a context of constant evolution and proliferation of AI technology, Hybrid Intelligence is gaining popularity to refer a balanced coexistence between human and artificial intelligence. On the other side, the concept has been extensively used in the past two decades to define models of intelligence involving more than one technology. This paper aims to provide (i) a concise and focused overview of the adoption of Ontology in the broad context of Hybrid Intelligence regardless of its definition and (ii) a critical discussion on the possible role of Ontology to reduce the gap between human and artificial intelligence within hybrid intelligent systems. Beside the typical benefits provided by an effective use of ontologies, at a conceptual level, the analysis conducted has pointed out a significant contribution to quality and accuracy, as well as a more specific role to enable extended interoperability, system engineering and explainable/transparent systems. On the other side, an application-oriented analysis has shown a significant role in present systems (70+% of the cases) and, potentially, in future systems. However, a proper holistic discussion on the establishment of the next generation of hybrid-intelligent environments with a balanced co-existence of human and artificial intelligence is fundamentally missed in literature. Last but not the least, there is currently a relatively low explicit focus on automatic reasoning and inference.

翻译：在人工智能技术不断演进与普及的背景下，混合智能作为一种人类智能与人工智能平衡共存的概念正日益受到关注。另一方面，过去二十年间，该概念也被广泛用于定义涉及多种技术的智能模型。本文旨在：（i）对本体论在广义混合智能（无论其定义如何）中的应用提供简明且聚焦的综述；（ii）批判性探讨本体论在混合智能系统中缩小人类与人工智能差距的可能作用。除了有效运用本体论带来的典型优势外，概念层面的分析表明，本体论对系统质量与准确性有显著贡献，同时在实现扩展互操作性、系统工程及可解释/透明系统方面具有更具体的作用。另一方面，面向应用的分析显示，本体论在现有系统（超过70%的案例）及潜在未来系统中均扮演重要角色。然而，现有文献从根本上缺乏关于构建下一代兼具人类与人工智能平衡共存的混合智能环境的整体性讨论。最后，当前对自动推理与推断的直接关注相对不足。