The emergence of small computing devices and the integration of processing units into everyday objects has made lightweight cryptography an essential part of the security landscape. Conventional cryptographic algorithms such as AES, RSA, and DES are unsuitable for resource-constrained devices due to limited processing power, memory, and battery. This paper provides a systematic review of lightweight cryptographic algorithms and the appropriateness of different algorithms in different areas such as IoT, RFID, and wireless sensor networks. Using tabular analysis and graphical interpretation, we compare these algorithms in terms of performance, security, energy consumption, and implementation costs. An overview of the evolution of lightweight cryptography based on those design trade-offs is also provided.

翻译：随着小型计算设备的涌现以及处理单元与日常物品的融合，轻量级密码学已成为安全领域的重要组成部分。传统的密码算法（如AES、RSA和DES）由于受限于处理能力、内存和电池资源，并不适用于资源受限的设备。本文对轻量级密码算法及其在物联网、射频识别和无线传感器网络等不同领域的适用性进行了系统综述。通过表格分析和图形化阐释，我们从性能、安全性、能耗和实现成本等方面对这些算法进行了比较。此外，本文还基于这些设计权衡，概述了轻量级密码学的发展历程。