Human mobility and other social activity patterns influence various aspects of society such as urban planning, traffic predictions, crisis resilience, and epidemic prevention. The behaviour of individuals, like their communication frequencies and movements, are shaped by societal and socio-economic factors. In addition, the differences in the geolocation of people as well as their gender and age cast effects on their activity patterns. In this study we focus on investigating these patterns by using mobile phone data, specifically the call detail records (CDRs), to analyze the social communication and mobility patterns of people. This dataset can provide us insight into the individual and population-level behaviours in rural and urban environments on a daily, weekly and seasonal basis. The results of our analyses show that in the urban areas people have high calling activity but low mobility, while in the rural areas they show the opposite behaviour, i.e. low calling activity combined with high mobility. Overall, there is a decreasing trend in people's mobility through the year even though their calling activity remained consistent except for the holidays during which time the communication frequency drops markedly. We have also observed that there are significant differences in the mobility between the work days and free days. Finally, the age and gender of individuals have also been observed to play a role in the seasonal patterns differently in urban and rural areas.

翻译：人类移动及其他社会活动模式影响着城市规划、交通预测、危机应对及疫情防控等社会诸多方面。个体的通信频率与移动行为受社会及社会经济因素塑造，同时，地理位置的差异、性别与年龄也会对其活动模式产生影响。本研究聚焦于利用手机数据（特别是通话详单记录）分析这些模式，以探究人们的社交通信与移动规律。该数据集能够揭示城乡环境中个体及群体层面在日、周、季尺度上的行为特征。分析结果显示：城镇居民通话活跃度高但移动性低，而乡村居民则呈现相反特征（即通话活跃度低与移动性高并存）。总体而言，全年居民移动性呈下降趋势，但通话活跃度保持稳定，仅在节假日期间通信频率显著降低。研究还发现，工作日与休息日的移动模式存在显著差异。最后，个体年龄与性别对季节性模式的影响在城乡地区表现出不同特征。