Academic writing is an indispensable yet laborious part of the research enterprise. This Perspective maps out principles and methods for using generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs), to elevate the quality and efficiency of academic writing. We introduce a human-AI collaborative framework that delineates the rationale (why), process (how), and nature (what) of AI engagement in writing. The framework pinpoints both short-term and long-term reasons for engagement and their underlying mechanisms (e.g., cognitive offloading and imaginative stimulation). It reveals the role of AI throughout the writing process, conceptualized through a two-stage model for human-AI collaborative writing, and the nature of AI assistance in writing, represented through a model of writing-assistance types and levels. Building on this framework, we describe effective prompting techniques for incorporating AI into the writing routine (outlining, drafting, and editing) as well as strategies for maintaining rigorous scholarship, adhering to varied journal policies, and avoiding overreliance on AI. Ultimately, the prudent integration of AI into academic writing can ease the communication burden, empower authors, accelerate discovery, and promote diversity in science.

翻译：学术写作是研究工作中不可或缺却颇为繁重的一环。本展望文章系统阐述了运用生成式人工智能（AI），特别是大型语言模型（LLM），提升学术写作质量与效率的原理与方法。我们提出一个人类-AI协作框架，界定AI参与写作的动因（为何）、过程（如何）与本质（是什么）。该框架明确了参与写作的短期与长期原因及其潜在机制（如认知卸载与想象激发），揭示了AI在整个写作过程中的作用（通过人类-AI协作写作的两阶段模型概念化），以及AI在写作中的辅助性质（通过写作辅助类型与层次模型呈现）。在此框架基础上，我们介绍了将AI融入写作流程（提纲、初稿与编辑）的有效提示技巧，以及保持严谨学术水准、遵循不同期刊政策、避免过度依赖AI的策略。最终，审慎地将AI整合到学术写作中，能够减轻沟通负担、赋能作者、加速科学发现，并促进科学多样性。