Smartphone overuse poses risks to people's physical and mental health. However, current intervention techniques mainly focus on explicitly changing screen content (i.e., output) and often fail to persistently reduce smartphone overuse due to being over-restrictive or over-flexible. We present the design and implementation of InteractOut, a suite of implicit input manipulation techniques that leverage interaction proxies to weakly inhibit the natural execution of common user gestures on mobile devices. We present a design space for input manipulations and demonstrate 8 Android implementations of input interventions. We first conducted a pilot lab study (N=30) to evaluate the usability of these interventions. Based on the results, we then performed a 5-week within-subject field experiment (N=42) to evaluate InteractOut in real-world scenarios. Compared to the traditional and common timed lockout technique, InteractOut significantly reduced the usage time by an additional 15.0% and opening frequency by 17.0% on participant-selected target apps. InteractOut also achieved a 25.4% higher user acceptance rate, and resulted in less frustration and better user experience according to participants' subjective feedback. InteractOut demonstrates a new direction for smartphone overuse intervention and serves as a strong complementary set of techniques with existing methods.

翻译：智能手机过度使用对人们的身心健康构成风险。然而，当前的干预技术主要侧重于明确改变屏幕内容（即输出），并且常常因过于严格或过于灵活而无法持续减少智能手机过度使用。我们提出并实现了InteractOut，这是一套隐式输入操纵技术，利用交互代理来弱化移动设备上常见用户手势的自然执行。我们提出了一个输入操纵的设计空间，并展示了8种输入干预的安卓实现。我们首先进行了一项受控实验室研究（N=30）来评估这些干预措施的可用性。基于这些结果，我们又进行了一项为期5周的受试者内现场实验（N=42），以评估InteractOut在现实场景中的效果。与传统的常见定时锁定技术相比，InteractOut在参与者选定的目标应用上，额外减少了15.0%的使用时间，并将打开频率降低了17.0%。根据参与者的主观反馈，InteractOut还实现了25.4%更高的用户接受率，并带来了更少的挫败感和更好的用户体验。InteractOut展示了智能手机过度使用干预的一个新方向，并作为现有方法的强大补充技术集。