This study proposed a new methodological approach for the assessment of automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) from the perspective of road users inside and outside of AVs pre- and post- AV experience. Users can be drivers and passengers, but also external road users, such as pedestrians, (motor-)cyclists, and other car drivers, interacting with AVs. A pyramid was developed, which provides a hierarchical representation of user needs. Fundamental user needs are organized at the bottom of the pyramid, while higher-level user needs are at the top of the pyramid. The pyramid distinguishes between six levels of needs, which are safety trust, efficiency, comfort and pleasure, social influence, and well-being. Some user needs universally exist across users, while some are user-specific needs. These needs are translated into operationalizable indicators representing items of a questionnaire for the assessment of AVA of users inside and outside AVs. The formulation of the questionnaire items was derived from established technology acceptance models. As the instrument was based on the same model for all road users, the comparison of AVA between different road users is now possible. We recommend future research to validate this questionnaire, administering it in studies to contribute to the development of a short, efficient, and standardized metric for the assessment of AVA.

翻译：本研究提出了一种新的方法论，用于从自动驾驶汽车内外道路使用者的视角，评估其在体验前后对自动驾驶汽车（AV）的接受度（AVA）。用户包括驾驶员和乘客，也包括与AV交互的外部道路使用者，如行人、（摩托车）骑行者及其他车辆驾驶员。我们开发了一个金字塔模型，用于分层表征用户需求。基础用户需求位于金字塔底部，而高级用户需求位于顶部。该金字塔区分了六个需求层级：安全信任、效率、舒适愉悦、社会影响和幸福感。部分需求具有普适性，而部分需求则具有用户特异性。这些需求被转化为可操作化的指标，构成面向AV内外用户AVA评估的调查问卷条目。问卷条目的表述源于成熟的技术接受模型。由于该工具基于统一模型构建，因此不同道路使用者之间的AVA比较成为可能。我们建议未来研究通过开展调查来验证该问卷，以促进开发一种简短、高效且标准化的AVA评估指标。