Trust is a key motivation in developing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). However, researchers attempting to measure trust in AI face numerous challenges, such as different trust conceptualizations, simplified experimental tasks that may not induce uncertainty as a prerequisite for trust, and the lack of validated trust questionnaires in the context of AI. While acknowledging these issues, we have identified a further challenge that currently seems underappreciated - the potential distinction between trust as one construct and \emph{distrust} as a second construct independent of trust. While there has been long-standing academic discourse for this distinction and arguments for both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional conceptualization of trust, distrust seems relatively understudied in XAI. In this position paper, we not only highlight the theoretical arguments for distrust as a distinct construct from trust but also contextualize psychometric evidence that likewise favors a distinction between trust and distrust. It remains to be investigated whether the available psychometric evidence is sufficient for the existence of distrust or whether distrust is merely a measurement artifact. Nevertheless, the XAI community should remain receptive to considering trust and distrust for a more comprehensive understanding of these two relevant constructs in XAI.

翻译：信任是发展可解释人工智能（XAI）的关键动机。然而，研究者试图测量对AI的信任时面临诸多挑战，例如信任概念化的差异、实验任务过于简化而无法诱发作为信任前提的不确定性，以及缺乏经过验证的AI领域信任问卷。在承认这些问题的同时，我们识别出一个目前尚未得到充分重视的挑战——信任作为一个构念与**不信任**作为独立于信任的第二个构念之间的潜在区别。尽管学术界对此区分已有长期讨论，并存在关于信任的单维与二维概念化的论据，但在XAI领域中，不信任似乎研究相对不足。在本立场论文中，我们不仅强调了不信任作为区别于信任的独立构念的理论论据，还从心理测量学角度提供了同样支持信任与不信任区分的事实证据。目前尚需探究现有心理测量学证据是否足以证明不信任的独立存在，抑或不信任仅是测量假象。尽管如此，XAI社区应保持开放态度，考虑信任与不信任这两个构念，以更全面地理解它们在XAI中的相关性。