The unique vascularized anatomy of the human eye, encased in the retina, provides an opportunity to act as a window for human health. The retinal structure assists in assessing the early detection, monitoring of disease progression and intervention for both ocular and non-ocular diseases. The advancement in imaging technology leveraging Artificial Intelligence has seized this opportunity to bridge the gap between the eye and human health. This track paves the way for unveiling systemic health insight from the ocular system and surrogating non-invasive markers for timely intervention and identification. The new frontiers of oculomics in ophthalmology cover both ocular and systemic diseases, and getting more attention to explore them. In this survey paper, we explore the evolution of retinal imaging techniques, the dire need for the integration of AI-driven analysis, and the shift of retinal imaging from classical techniques to oculomics. We also discuss some hurdles that may be faced in the progression of oculomics, highlighting the research gaps and future directions.

翻译：人眼独特的血管化解剖结构，尤其是视网膜部分，为人类健康监测提供了独特的窗口。视网膜结构有助于眼部及非眼部疾病的早期检测、病程监测与干预。借助人工智能的成像技术进步抓住了这一机遇，弥合了眼部与人体健康之间的鸿沟。这一研究路径为从眼部系统揭示全身健康状况、替代无创标记物以实现及时干预和识别开辟了道路。眼科学中眼组学的新前沿涵盖了眼部与全身性疾病，正受到越来越多的探索关注。本综述论文探讨了视网膜成像技术的发展历程、整合人工智能驱动分析的迫切需求，以及视网膜成像从经典技术向眼组学的范式转变。同时，我们讨论了眼组学发展过程中可能面临的一些障碍，并指出了当前研究空白与未来发展方向。