Microservice-based systems are modular and adaptable, but their distributed structure makes their timing behavior difficult to analyze and guarantee. Because latency emerges from interactions among service dependencies, shared resources, and coordinating middleware, local timing disturbances can propagate into system-level effects. This survey examines the sources, propagation mechanisms, and observable impacts of timing variability in microservice-based systems, using software-defined vehicles as a motivating example. It compares major classes of timing models by their assumptions about workload stability, execution structure, resource sharing, observability, and guarantee admissibility, and summarizes their limitations within microservice-based software-defined vehicles.

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