With the increasing adoption of digitization, more and more historical visualizations created hundreds of years ago are accessible in digital libraries online. It provides a unique opportunity for visualization and history research. Meanwhile, there is no large-scale digital collection dedicated to historical visualizations. The visualizations are scattered in various collections, which hinders retrieval. In this study, we curate the first large-scale dataset dedicated to historical visualizations. Our dataset comprises 13K historical visualization images with corresponding processed metadata from seven digital libraries. In curating the dataset, we propose a workflow to scrape and process heterogeneous metadata. We develop a semi-automatic labeling approach to distinguish visualizations from other artifacts. Our dataset can be accessed with OldVisOnline, a system we have built to browse and label historical visualizations. We discuss our vision of usage scenarios and research opportunities with our dataset, such as textual criticism for historical visualizations. Drawing upon our experience, we summarize recommendations for future efforts to improve our dataset.

翻译：随着数字化应用的日益普及，数百年前创作的历史可视化作品在数字图书馆中逐渐可供访问。这为可视化研究和历史研究提供了独特机遇。然而，目前尚无专门面向历史可视化的大规模数字资源库，这些可视化作品分散于各类馆藏中，导致检索困难。本研究首次策展了面向历史可视化的大规模数据集。该数据集包含来自七个数字图书馆的13,000张历史可视化图像及对应的结构化元数据。在数据集构建过程中，我们提出了一套爬取与处理异构元数据的工作流程，并开发了半自动标注方法以区分可视化作品与其他人工制品。该数据集可通过我们构建的OldVisOnline系统访问，该系统支持历史可视化的浏览与标注。我们探讨了数据集的应用场景与研究机遇，例如历史可视化的文本批评。基于实践经验，我们总结了改进数据集的未来工作建议。