The data revolution in low- and middle-income countries is quickly transforming how companies approach emerging markets. As mobile phones and mobile money proliferate, they generate new streams of data that enable innovation in consumer finance, credit, and insurance. Already, this new generation of products are being used by hundreds of millions of consumers, often to use financial services for the first time. However, the collection, analysis, and use of these data, particularly from economically disadvantaged populations, raises serious privacy concerns. This white paper describes a research agenda to advance our understanding of the problem and solution space of data privacy in emerging market fintech and financial services. We highlight five priority areas for research: conducting comprehensive landscape analyses; understanding local definitions of ``data privacy''; documenting key sources of risk, and potential technical solutions (such as differential privacy and homomorphic encryption); improving non-technical approaches to data privacy (such as policies and practices); and understanding the tradeoffs involved in deploying privacy-enhancing solutions. Taken together, we hope this research agenda will focus attention on the multi-faceted nature of privacy in emerging markets, and catalyze efforts to develop responsible and consumer-oriented approaches to data-intensive applications.

翻译：中低收入国家的数据革命正迅速改变企业对待新兴市场的方式。随着手机和移动支付的普及，它们生成了新的数据流，推动了消费金融、信贷和保险领域的创新。目前，这些新一代产品已被数亿消费者使用，且往往是他们首次使用金融服务。然而，这些数据的收集、分析与利用，尤其是涉及经济弱势群体的数据，引发了严重的隐私担忧。本白皮书提出了一项研究议程，旨在深化我们对新兴市场金融科技与金融服务中数据隐私问题及解决方案的理解。我们重点强调了五个优先研究领域：开展全面的格局分析；理解当地对“数据隐私”的定义；记录主要风险来源及潜在技术解决方案（如差分隐私和同态加密）；改进非技术性数据隐私方法（如政策与实践）；以及理解部署隐私增强方案所涉及的权衡。总体而言，我们希望这项研究议程能聚焦于新兴市场隐私的多维特性，并推动采取负责任的、以消费者为导向的数据密集型应用方法。