Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made significant progress in the past few years but have only been loosely inter-connected. Based on a workshop held in August 2025, we identify current and future areas of synergism between these two fields. We focus on the subareas of embodiment, language and communication, robotics, learning in humans and machines and Neuromorphic engineering to take stock of the progress made so far, and possible promising new future avenues. Overall, we advocate for the development of NeuroAI, a type of Neuroscience-informed Artificial Intelligence that, we argue, has the potential for significantly improving the scope and efficiency of AI algorithms while simultaneously changing the way we understand biological neural computations. We include personal statements from several leading researchers on their diverse views of NeuroAI. Two Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threat (SWOT) analyses by researchers and trainees are appended that describe the benefits and risks offered by NeuroAI.

翻译：神经科学与人工智能在过去几年中均取得了显著进展，但二者之间的关联仍较为松散。基于2025年8月举办的一场专题研讨会，本文梳理了这两个领域当前及未来可能产生协同效应的研究方向。我们重点围绕具身认知、语言与交流、机器人学、人类与机器学习以及神经形态工程等子领域，系统评估现有进展并展望具有潜力的新兴发展路径。总体而言，我们主张发展神经人工智能——一种受神经科学启发的人工智能范式。我们认为该范式不仅能显著提升人工智能算法的适用范围与效率，同时将变革我们对生物神经计算机制的理解。文中收录了多位领军研究者对神经人工智能多元视角的个人论述，并附由研究员与学员分别完成的两份SWOT分析报告，以阐明神经人工智能可能带来的效益与风险。