项目名称： 自养型同步脱氮颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污的效能障碍因子识别及其微生物学机理研究

项目编号： No.31500105

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王兰

作者单位： 农业部沼气科学研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 猪场粪污经厌氧处理后具有高氮低碳特性，脱氮处理困难，传统硝化-反硝化工艺已无法满足其脱氮需求。申请人前期研发的自养型同步脱氮(ANR)颗粒污泥，在胞外多聚物(EPS)的作用下，将好氧氨氧化和厌氧氨氧化菌群整合于同一颗粒，高效、经济、环保，为猪场粪污的脱氮处理带来了新希望。但本课题组在采用ANR颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污的研究中发现，ANR颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污具有显著的效能障碍，导致ANR颗粒污泥大量解体、脱氮效能大幅下降。基于此，本项目拟采用活性试验等方法，鉴别导致ANR颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污效能障碍的主效因子；采用宏基因组和宏转录组等分子生物学手段，通过研究猪场粪污中主要效能障碍因子对ANR颗粒污泥中EPS分泌菌群群落结构、EPS代谢相关功能基因以及功能基因转录水平的影响，解析ANR颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污效能障碍的微生物学机理，为破除ANR颗粒污泥处理猪场粪污的效能障碍奠定理论基础。

中文关键词： 猪场粪污；自养型同步脱氮颗粒污泥；胞外多聚物；宏基因组；宏转录组

英文摘要： Anaerobically digested swine wastewater contains high amounts of ammonium, but its organic carbon is not sufficient to satisfy the demand of the traditional nitrification-denitrification process. Hence, it has shown some weakness for removing nitrogenous compounds from digested swine wastewater. Using synthetic wastewater, the applicant has successfully developed an autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) granular sludge, in which the aerobic ammonium oxidation and anerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) were being carried out in single granule and the ammonium was being converted into nitrogen gas. Due to advantages of the ANR granular sludge such as cost effectiveness, high efficiency and environmental-friendly, this process has wider prospects to control the nitrogenous pollution of digested swine wastewater. However, our further studies indicated that the high amounts of inhibitors in swine slurry hindered the application of ANR granular sludge compared with the synthetic wastewater and it resulted in granular sludge disassembly and poor performance. The inhibitors causing the poor performance of autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge treating swine wastewater and its microbiological mechanisms would be studied in this research in the light of previous research. The study would involve identification of the key inhibitors causing poor performance by batch activity tests and analysis of the microbial community structure having the ability of secreting EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), functional genes of secreting EPS and their expression level in ANR granular sludge by metagenomes and metatranscriptomics. It would lay a solid theoretical foundation for the application of ANR granular sludge to digested swine wastewater.

英文关键词： Swine wastewater;Autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge;Extracellular polymeric substances;Metagenomes;Metatranscriptomics