项目名称: 干旱区两种典型土地利用模式对绿洲盐分运移过程的影响
项目编号: No.41501205
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2016
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 刘丽娟
作者单位: 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
项目金额: 24万元
中文摘要: 干旱区内陆河流域由于其封闭环境,大量盐分随灌溉引水被截留在绿洲土壤内循环,无法移出盆地,积盐过程十分强烈,土壤盐碱化已成为威胁绿洲生态安全和农业生产的重要因素。新疆绿洲由于地方政府和新疆生产建设兵团的特殊镶嵌分布格局而形成了两种完全不同的土地利用模式:地方政府所辖区的农户承包分散经营模式和兵团所辖区农场大规模集约经营模式。为了揭示不同土地利用模式下的盐分迁移过程,本项目引入景观“源-汇”理论,通过景观负荷对比指数模型的构建,将田块尺度的微观过程和流域尺度的空间格局相结合,量化分析不同土地利用模式下土壤盐分迁移过程中的“源”“汇”格局及其动态变化,实现土地利用模式和绿洲盐分迁移过程的时空耦合,在流域尺度上揭示干旱区两种典型土地利用模式对土壤盐分迁移过程和格局的影响机理。本研究不仅在学科上可基于“格局-过程”关系丰富景观“源-汇”理论,而且在实践上可对干旱内陆河流域盐碱化防治提供重要科学依据。
中文关键词: 景观格局;源汇景观;景观模型;生态过程;景观动态
英文摘要: Due to the relatively closed background of inland river basin in arid region, plentiful salt was left in the soils accompanied with irrigation water, and thus resulted in the intensive salt accumulation in oases. The salinization is a great threat to the ecological security and agricultural production in the oases. The mosaic distribution pattern of the regions administrated by local government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps lead to two different land use models: dispersed small-scale management model by households and intensive large-scale management model by state farm. To reveal the process of salt transformation under different land use models, this project introduce the theory of source and sink landscape to salt transformation research. Integrating the ecological process in field scale and the spatial pattern in watershed scale by the location-weighted landscape index model, quantitify the source and sink patterns and their dynamics of salt transformation, and realize the spatial and temporal coupling of land use model and salt transformation. This result will not only enrich the theory of source and sink landscape based on the relationship of pattern and process, but also provide scientific basis for the protection and control of soil salinization in arid region.
英文关键词: Landscape pattern;Landscape sources and sinks;Landscape model;Ecological processes;Landscape dynamics