We propose a statistical framework to identify topological differences in two populations of random geometric objects. The proposed framework involves first associating a topological signature with random geometric objects and then performing a two-sample test using the observed topological signatures. We associate persistence barcodes, a topological signature from topological data analysis, with each observed random geometric object. This, in turn, yields a two-sample problem on the space of persistence barcodes. As the space of persistence barcodes is not suitable for standard statistical analysis, we translate the two-sample problem on a suitable subset of a Euclidean space. In the course of this study, we embed the topological signatures in an ordered convex cone in a Euclidean space using functions from tropical geometry. We show that the embedding is a sufficient statistic for the persistence barcodes. This fact leads to the proposal of a two-sample test based on this sufficient statistic, and its equivalence to the two-sample problem on the barcode space is established. Finally, the consistency of the proposed test is studied.

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