With the proliferation of wideband active services in bands shared with passive receivers for remote sensing and radio astronomy, new methods are needed for deconflicting active and passive users. We have developed a technique for active/passive user coordination that is compatible with essentially any existing wireless communications protocol. The passive user transmits an on-off keying modulated signal that can be detected by active radios using simple channel power estimates. Using off-the-shelf WiFi and LoRa hardware and on a software defined radio implementation of LTE, we show that Dynamic Passive to Active Spectrum Sharing (DPASS) is effective on a wide range of frequencies and physical layer implementations. We validate the protocol using these three technologies by demonstrating that each device receives a DPASS packet and dynamically takes an appropriate spectrum coordination action, including shutting off transmissions or switching frequencies.

翻译：随着在共享频段中宽带有源服务的激增（这些频段也服务于用于遥感和射电天文学的无源接收器），亟需新的方法来协调有源与无源用户之间的冲突。我们开发了一种与几乎所有现有无线通信协议兼容的有源/无源用户协调技术。无源用户发射一个开关键控调制的信号，有源无线电设备可通过简单的信道功率估计检测到该信号。利用商用现货WiFi和LoRa硬件，以及基于软件定义无线电的LTE实现，我们证明了动态无源到有源频谱共享（DPASS）在广泛的频率和物理层实现上的有效性。我们通过三种技术验证了该协议，展示了每个设备能够接收DPASS数据包并动态执行适当的频谱协调操作，包括关闭传输或切换频率。