Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives aim to enhance public participation and collaboration by making government data accessible to diverse stakeholders, fostering social, environmental, and economic benefits through public value generation. However, challenges such as declining popularity, lack of OGD portal usability, and private interests overshadowing public accessibility persist. This study proposes an integrated usability framework for evaluating OGD portals, focusing on inclusivity, user collaboration, and data exploration. Employing Design Science Research (DSR), the framework is developed and applied to 33 OGD portals from the European Union (EU) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The quantitative analysis is complemented by qualitative analysis and clustering, enabling assessment of portal performance, identification of best practices, and common weaknesses. This results in 19 high-level recommendations for improving the open data ecosystem. Key findings highlight the competitive nature of EU portals and the innovative features of GCC portals, emphasizing the need for multilingual support, better communication mechanisms, and improved dataset usability. The study stresses trends towards exposing data quality indicators and incorporating advanced functionalities such as AI systems. This framework serves as a baseline for OGD portal requirements elicitation, offering practical implications for developing sustainable, collaborative, and robust OGD portals, ultimately contributing to a more transparent and equitable world.

翻译：开放政府数据（OGD）倡议旨在通过向多元利益相关者开放政府数据，提升公众参与和协作，并通过公共价值创造促进社会、环境和经济收益。然而，诸如门户受欢迎度下降、OGD门户可用性不足以及私人利益掩盖公共可及性等挑战依然存在。本研究提出一个用于评估OGD门户的集成可用性框架，重点关注包容性、用户协作和数据探索。采用设计科学研究（DSR）方法，该框架被开发并应用于来自欧盟（EU）和海湾合作委员会（GCC）国家的33个OGD门户。定量分析辅以定性分析与聚类，从而能够评估门户性能、识别最佳实践和常见缺陷。由此产生了19项改进开放数据生态系统的高层建议。主要发现凸显了欧盟门户的竞争性特征和海合会门户的创新功能，强调了多语言支持、更优的沟通机制以及提升数据集可用性的必要性。研究强调了公开数据质量指标和整合人工智能系统等先进功能的趋势。该框架可作为OGD门户需求获取的基准，为开发可持续、协作性强且稳健的OGD门户提供实践启示，最终助力构建更加透明与公平的世界。