Visualizations have played a crucial role in helping quantum computing users explore quantum states in various quantum computing applications. Among them, Bloch Sphere is the widely-used visualization for showing quantum states, which leverages angles to represent quantum amplitudes. However, it cannot support the visualization of quantum entanglement and superposition, the two essential properties of quantum computing. To address this issue, we propose VENUS, a novel visualization for quantum state representation. By explicitly correlating 2D geometric shapes based on the math foundation of quantum computing characteristics, VENUS effectively represents quantum amplitudes of both the single qubit and two qubits for quantum entanglement. Also, we use multiple coordinated semicircles to naturally encode probability distribution, making the quantum superposition intuitive to analyze. We conducted two well-designed case studies and an in-depth expert interview to evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of VENUS. The result shows that VENUS can effectively facilitate the exploration of quantum states for the single qubit and two qubits.

翻译：可视化在帮助量子计算用户探索各类量子计算应用中的量子态时发挥了关键作用。其中，布洛赫球是最常用的量子态可视化工具，它利用角度表示量子振幅。然而，该方法无法支持量子纠缠和量子叠加这两种量子计算核心特性的可视化。针对这一问题，我们提出VENUS——一种新颖的量子态表示可视化方法。通过基于量子计算特性的数学基础对二维几何图形进行显式关联，VENUS能够有效表示单量子比特和双量子比特的量子振幅，从而呈现量子纠缠。同时，我们利用多个协调的半圆自然编码概率分布，使量子叠加的分析更为直观。我们通过两项精心设计的案例研究和一项深入的专家访谈评估了VENUS的实用性和有效性。结果表明，VENUS能够有效促进单量子比特和双量子比特量子态的探索。