In recent years, quantum computing technologies have steadily matured and have begun to find practical applications across various domains. One important area is network communication security, where Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables communicating parties to establish a shared secret that can then be used to generate symmetric keys for subsequent encryption and decryption. This study focuses on implementing and comparing two well-known QKD protocols, namely BB84 and E91, within an actual quantum computing environment. It also proposes the use of SX gate operations to generate uniform quantum superposition states. By leveraging the properties of quantum superposition and quantum entanglement, the study illustrates how communicating parties can securely obtain a shared secret while preventing adversaries from intercepting it. The experiments are conducted using the IBM Quantum Platform to demonstrate the feasibility of the BB84 and E91 protocols on actual quantum hardware. The evaluation considers several metrics, including entropy, Independent and Identically Distributed (IID), and error-rate verifications.

翻译：近年来，量子计算技术日趋成熟，并开始在各个领域获得实际应用。其中一个重要领域是网络通信安全，其中量子密钥分发（QKD）使得通信双方能够建立一个共享秘密，该秘密随后可用于生成对称密钥以进行后续的加密和解密。本研究重点在于在实际量子计算环境中实现并比较两种著名的QKD协议，即BB84和E91。研究还提出使用SX门操作来生成均匀的量子叠加态。通过利用量子叠加和量子纠缠的特性，本研究阐述了通信双方如何能够安全地获取共享秘密，同时防止对手截获。实验使用IBM Quantum平台进行，以证明BB84和E91协议在实际量子硬件上的可行性。评估考虑了多个指标，包括熵、独立同分布（IID）以及误码率验证。