The development of large-scale quantum networks requires not only advances in physical-layer technologies but also a comprehensive protocol stack that integrates communication, control, and resource management across all layers. We present the first such protocol stack, which introduces a Global Entanglement Module (GEM) that maintains a consistent, network-wide view of entanglement resources through distributed synchronization strategies. By enabling real-time adaptive execution of entanglement distribution plans, GEM bridges the gap between static planning and dynamic operation. The stack naturally supports pre-distributed entanglement, purification, and multi-partite state generation, making it applicable to a broad range of quantum networking applications. We design and evaluate multiple adaptive heuristics for real-time execution and show that a lightweight scoring-based strategy consistently achieves the best performance, improving entanglement generation rates by about 20% over a globally optimal but non-adaptive fixed-tree baseline and achieving more than a two-fold improvement relative to recent connectionless approaches. Across all scenarios-including predistribution and fidelity analysis-GEM consistently enables lower latency and robust operation. These results establish a practical pathway toward scalable, adaptive quantum internet systems.

翻译：大规模量子网络的发展不仅需要物理层技术的进步，更需要一个跨层集成通信、控制与资源管理的综合协议栈。本文提出首个此类协议栈，引入全局纠缠模块（GEM），通过分布式同步策略维护全网一致的纠缠资源视图。该模块通过实时自适应执行纠缠分发计划，弥合了静态规划与动态操作之间的鸿沟。该协议栈天然支持预分发纠缠、纠缠纯化及多体纠缠态生成等操作，适用于多种量子网络应用场景。我们设计并评估了多种实时执行自适应启发式算法，实验表明：基于轻量级评分策略的方案始终表现最优，相较于全局最优但非自适应的固定树基线，纠缠生成速率提升约20%；相较于近期提出的无连接方法，性能提升超过两倍。在涵盖预分发与保真度分析的所有场景中，GEM始终实现更低延迟与稳健运行。这些成果为构建可扩展的自适应量子互联网系统开辟了实用化路径。