Quantum resources are increasingly integrated into high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud environments, but quantum high-performance computing (QHPC) software stacks remain isolated, often proprietary, full-stack solutions lacking common interfaces across runtime, resource management, orchestration, and execution layers. This paper analyzes nine production QHPC stacks and identifies common design patterns and emerging requirements, covering deployment models, application interaction patterns, SDK support, and readiness for fault-tolerant operation. The survey exposes consistent needs in runtime abstraction, resource management, interconnect semantics, and observability. Based on these findings, we propose the open quantum-HPC software ecosystem ( openQSE) reference architecture as a first step toward unifying the state-of-the-practice. openQSE defines a set of layer boundaries that allow different implementations to interoperate while preserving deployment flexibility, and is structured to support both current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) workloads and future fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) systems without changes to upper-layer application interfaces.

翻译：量子资源正越来越多地集成到高性能计算（HPC）和云环境中，但量子高性能计算（QHPC）软件栈仍然互相孤立，通常是专有的全栈解决方案，在运行时、资源管理、编排和执行层之间缺乏通用接口。本文分析了九个生产级QHPC栈，识别了常见设计模式和新兴需求，涵盖了部署模型、应用交互模式、SDK支持以及容错运行准备情况。本综述揭示了运行时抽象、资源管理、互联语义和可观测性方面的持续需求。基于这些发现，我们提出了开放量子-高性能计算软件生态系统（openQSE）参考架构，作为统一行业实践现状的第一步。openQSE定义了一组层边界，允许不同实现在保持部署灵活性的同时实现互操作，其结构设计能够支持当前的含噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）工作负载和未来的容错量子计算（FTQC）系统，而无需修改上层应用接口。