This book arises from the need to provide a clear and up-to-date overview of the impacts of quantum computing on cryptography. The goal is to provide a reference in Portuguese for undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students in the field of data security and cryptography. Throughout the chapters, we present fundamentals, we discuss classical and post-quantum algorithms, evaluate emerging patterns, and point out real-world implementation challenges. The initial objective is to serve as a guide for students, researchers, and professionals who need to understand not only the mathematics involved, but also its practical implications in security systems and policies. For more advanced professionals, the main objective is to present content and ideas so that they can assess the changes and perspectives in the era of quantum cryptographic algorithms. To that end, the text's structure was designed to be progressive: we begin with essential concepts, move on to quantum algorithms and their consequences (with emphasis on Shor's algorithm), present issues focusing on "families" of post-quantum schemes (based on lattices, codes, hash functions, multivariate, isogenies), analyze the state of the art in standardization (highlighting the NIST process), and finally, discuss migration, interoperability, performance, and cryptographic governance. We hope that this work will assist in the formation of critical thinking and informed technical decision-making, fostering secure transition strategies for the post-quantum era.

翻译：本书的编写源于对量子计算密码学影响提供清晰且最新综述的需求。其目标是为数据安全与密码学领域的本科生、硕士生及博士生提供葡萄牙语参考读物。全书各章节系统阐述基础理论，探讨经典与后量子算法，评估新兴技术范式，并指出实际应用中的挑战。本书的首要目标是作为学生、研究人员及从业人员的指南，帮助他们不仅理解相关数学原理，更能掌握其在安全系统与策略中的实际应用。对于资深专业人员，本书旨在提供前沿内容与观点，使其能够评估量子密码算法时代的变革与前景。为此，文本采用渐进式结构设计：从核心概念入手，进而论述量子算法及其影响（重点介绍Shor算法），聚焦后量子密码方案的"家族"体系（基于格、编码、哈希函数、多元多项式及椭圆曲线同源），分析标准化进程现状（着重解读NIST遴选流程），最后探讨迁移策略、互操作性、性能优化及密码治理等议题。我们期望本著作能助力批判性思维的培养与技术决策的科学化，为后量子时代的安全过渡战略提供理论支撑。