As two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) shared commonalities both in symptomology and pathophysiology. However, to what extent and in what way these two distinct disorders overlap remain underexplored. In this study, we propose an explicit, interpretable and spatially adaptive transfer learning framework to elucidate the morphometric biomarkers linked to AD and PD. We applied such high-dimensional machine learning model to two most popular open-source neuroimaging datasets, i.e., Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). On the one hand, our cross-disorder classifier revealed neuro-anatomical alteration patterns well aligning with previous neuroimaging research findings and underscoring patients' clinical presentations. On the other hand, the spatially adaptive trained classifier using shared prior achieved statistically superior diagnostic performance compared to respective individual models, which further highlights the cross-disorder framework's efficacy on modeling limited-size datasets across disease domains.

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