We describe a novel multi-agent, multi-scale computational cognitive interaction model of instrument operations at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). A leading scientific user facility, LCLS is the world's first hard x-ray free electron laser, operated by the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. As the world's first x-ray free electron laser, LCLS is in high demand and heavily oversubscribed. Our overall project employs cognitive engineering methodologies to improve experimental efficiency and scientific productivity by refining experimental interfaces and workflows, simplifying tasks, reducing errors, and improving operator safety and stress levels. Our model simulates aspects of human cognition at multiple cognitive and temporal scales, ranging from seconds to hours, and among agents playing multiple roles, including instrument operator, real time data analyst, and experiment manager. The model can predict impacts stemming from proposed changes to operational interfaces and workflows. Because the model code is open source, and supplemental videos go into detail on all aspects of the model and results, this approach could be applied to other experimental apparatus and processes. Example results demonstrate the model's potential in guiding modifications to improve operational efficiency and scientific output. We discuss the implications of our findings for cognitive engineering in complex experimental settings and outline future directions for research.

翻译：我们提出了一种新颖的多智能体、多尺度计算认知交互模型，用于描述直线加速器相干光源（LCLS）的仪器操作。作为领先的科学用户装置，LCLS是由SLAC国家加速器实验室为美国能源部运营的全球首台硬X射线自由电子激光器。作为世界上第一台X射线自由电子激光器，LCLS需求极高且申请量远超其承载能力。我们的整体项目采用认知工程方法，通过优化实验界面与工作流程、简化任务、减少错误以及改善操作员安全与压力水平，旨在提升实验效率与科学产出。该模型在从秒到小时的多重认知与时间尺度上模拟人类认知的多个方面，并涵盖承担不同角色的智能体（包括仪器操作员、实时数据分析师和实验管理员）。该模型能够预测因操作界面和工作流程的拟议变更所产生的影响。由于模型代码开源，且补充视频详细展示了模型与结果的各个方面，该方法可推广至其他实验装置与流程。示例结果证明了该模型在指导改进方案以提升操作效率与科学产出方面的潜力。我们讨论了本研究结果对复杂实验环境中认知工程的意义，并展望了未来的研究方向。