This paper discusses wrongful convictions in a medical setting, focusing on nurses. Common features are lack of strong direct evidence: the nurse was never seen doing anything wrong. There is no DNA evidence of tampering of apparatus or medications by the nurse. There is no CCTV footage showing suspicious actions. Analysis of medical records at the time led coroners to issue certificates of natural deaths, and most events were not, at the time, thought suspicious by hospital staff. There is no confession and the nurse consistently asserts they are completely innocent. There is no evidence of earlier psychopathic behaviour. Instead, private writings (e.g., in a diary) are interpreted by the prosecution as a confession; mundane behaviour is given a sinister interpretation. Motive remains speculation. The main evidence is statistical: a spike in deaths or collapses and a statistical association with a particular nurse. There is forensic evidence which suggests one or two patients might have been harmed by administration of medication much used in the hospital, and even legitimately used earlier in the care of the alleged victims. Police investigations are driven by the hospital consultants who were clinically responsible for the patients allegedly killed or harmed by the nurse.

翻译：本文讨论医疗环境中的错判问题，重点关注护士群体。其共同特征在于缺乏强有力的直接证据：从未有人目击涉事护士实施不当行为。既无DNA证据表明该护士曾篡改医疗设备或药品，亦无监控录像显示可疑举动。当时对医疗记录的分析促使验尸官出具自然死亡证明，且医院工作人员在当时并未对大多数事件产生怀疑。涉事护士从未认罪，并始终坚持完全清白，也无证据表明其存在早期反社会行为。相反，检方将私人记录（如日记）解读为认罪书，对普通行为赋予恶意解释。作案动机始终停留在推测层面。主要证据源于统计数据：患者死亡或病情骤增与特定护士存在统计学关联。法医证据表明，一两名患者可能因使用医院常用药物而受害，而这些药物甚至曾被合法用于疑似受害者的早期治疗。警方的调查由临床负责疑似被护士杀害或伤害患者的医院顾问主导。