Estimating galaxy redshifts is crucial for constraining key physical quantities like those in the equation of state of dark energy. Modern telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the Euclid Space Telescope, and the NASA Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope are producing massive amounts of spectroscopic data that enable precise redshift estimation. However, a galaxy's redshift can be estimated only when emission lines are present in the observed spectrum, which is unknown a priori. A novel Bayesian approach to estimating redshift and simultaneously testing for the presence of emission lines is developed. Although modern spectroscopic surveys involve millions of spectra and give rise to highly multimodal posterior distributions, the proposed framework remains computationally efficient, admitting a parallelizable implementation suitable for large-scale inference.

翻译：估算星系红移对于约束暗能量状态方程等关键物理量至关重要。现代望远镜例如詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜、欧几里得空间望远镜以及美国国家航空航天局南希·格雷斯·罗马空间望远镜正在产生大量光谱数据，从而支持精确的红移估计。然而，只有当观测光谱中存在发射线时，才能估算星系的红移，而这一点是先验未知的。本文提出了一种新颖的贝叶斯方法，用于估算红移并同时检验发射线的存在。尽管现代光谱巡天涉及数百万条光谱，并产生高度多峰的后验分布，但所提出的框架在计算上仍保持高效，支持适用于大规模推断的可并行化实现。