Military human robot interaction (MHRI) presents a novel opportunity to blend the capabilities of autonomous and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems with the skills and expertise of humans. The concept promises military advantages and greater operational effectiveness and efficiencies. However, the associated human-AI dynamics create challenges when attempting to design, implement, and operationalise the increasingly symbiotic relationship between humans and machines. Meaningful human control (MHC) is a popularised conceptualisation of what is deemed a responsible interaction among human and artificial agents; however, this notion falls short in military contexts and hinders the realisation of military advantages that could be achieved by advancing the adoption of responsible AI. This paper presents meaningful human command (MHC1) as a more operationally effective concept for advanced military command and control systems that embed AI-enabled autonomous systems. We introduce, explore, and unpack meaningful human command in the context of military human-robot interaction, presenting a vignette that offers a technologically feasible concept of an AI-enabled system within military operations. The vignette is used to guide, contextualise, and add realism to the narrative describing the concept and highlights associated MHRI challenges.

翻译：军事人机交互（MHRI）为融合自主与人工智能（AI）系统的能力与人类的技能及专业知识提供了全新机遇。这一概念有望带来军事优势及更高的作战效能与效率。然而，在尝试设计、实施和运作人类与机器日益共生的关系时，相关的人机协同动态特性带来了诸多挑战。"有意义的人类控制"（MHC）作为人类与智能体间被认为具有责任性互动的流行化概念，在军事背景下存在不足，且阻碍了通过推进负责任AI的采纳所能实现的军事优势。本文提出"有意义的人类指挥"（MHC1）作为面向嵌入AI自主系统的先进军事指挥控制系统的更具作战效能的概念。我们在军事人机交互情境下引入、探讨并阐明"有意义的人类指挥"，通过一个示例场景呈现AI系统在军事行动中技术上可行的概念。该示例场景用于引导叙事、提供背景并增强其实践性，同时揭示相关的军事人机交互挑战。