While the Voynich Manuscript was almost certainly written left-to-right (LTR), the question whether the underlying script or cipher reads LTR or right-to-left (RTL) has received little quantitative attention. We introduce a statistical method that leverages n-gram perplexity asymmetry to determine directional bias in character sequences.

翻译：尽管沃伊尼克手稿几乎可以确定采用从左至右（LTR）的书写方式，但关于其底层文字系统或密码体系究竟采用LTR还是从右至左（RTL）的阅读方向，目前仍缺乏定量研究。本文提出一种统计方法，通过分析n元语法困惑度的方向不对称性来判定字符序列的阅读方向偏好。