Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have recently gained significant attention in higher education. This study aims to understand how universities establish policies regarding the use of AI tools and explore the factors that influence their decisions. Our study examines ChatGPT policies implemented at universities around the world, including their existence, content, and issuance dates. Specifically, we analyzed the top 500 universities according to the 2022 QS World University Rankings. Our findings indicate that there is significant variation in university policies. Less than one-third of the universities included in the study had implemented ChatGPT policies. Of the universities with ChatGPT policies, approximately 67 percent embraced ChatGPT in teaching and learning, more than twice the number of universities that banned it. The majority of the universities that ban the use of ChatGPT in assessments allow individual instructors to deviate from this restrictive policy. Our empirical analysis identifies several factors that are significantly and positively correlated with a university's likelihood of having a ChatGPT policy, including the university's academic reputation score, being in an English-speaking country, and the general public attitudes toward ChatGPT. In addition, we found that a university's likelihood of having a ban policy is positively associated with faculty student ratio, citations, and the English-speaking country dummy, while negatively associated with the number of peer universities within the same country that have banned ChatGPT. We discuss the challenges faced by universities based our empirical findings.

翻译：生成式人工智能工具（如ChatGPT）近期在高等教育领域引发广泛关注。本研究旨在探究高校如何制定人工智能工具使用政策，并分析影响其决策的关键因素。我们系统考察了全球高校实施的ChatGPT相关政策，涵盖政策存在性、具体内容及发布时间，重点分析了2022年QS世界大学排名前500所高校。研究发现各校政策存在显著差异：仅不到三分之一的高校已制定ChatGPT专项政策；在已有政策的高校中，约67%的院校在教学活动中接纳ChatGPT，该比例是禁止使用院校的两倍以上。值得注意的是，大多数禁止在测评中使用ChatGPT的高校允许教师个人突破这一限制性政策。实证分析识别出三个与高校制定ChatGPT政策概率显著正相关的因素：学术声誉评分、所在国为英语国家、公众对ChatGPT的总体态度。此外，我们发现高校实施禁令政策的概率与师生比、论文引用量及英语国家虚拟变量呈正向关联，但与同国内已禁止ChatGPT的同行院校数量呈负相关。基于上述实证发现，我们深入探讨了高校当前面临的制度挑战。