Stubborn mining attack greatly downgrades Bitcoin throughput and also benefits malicious miners (attackers). This paper aims to quantify the impact of block receiving delay on stubborn mining attack severity in imperfect Bitcoin networks. We develop an analytic model and derive formulas of both relative revenue and system throughput, which are applied to study attack severity. Experiment results validate our analysis method and show that imperfect networks favor attackers. The quantitative analysis offers useful insight into stubborn mining attack and then helps the development of countermeasures.

翻译：顽固挖矿攻击会严重降低比特币的吞吐量，并有益于恶意矿工（攻击者）。本文旨在量化区块接收延迟对不完美比特币网络中顽固挖矿攻击严重程度的影响。我们开发了一个分析模型，并推导出相对收入和系统吞吐量的公式，用于研究攻击的严重程度。实验结果验证了我们的分析方法，并表明不完美的网络有利于攻击者。定量分析提供了有用的洞察力，从而有助于开发对抗措施。