Data science is not a science. It is a research paradigm with an unfathomed scope, scale, complexity, and power for knowledge discovery that is not otherwise possible and can be beyond human reasoning. It is changing our world practically and profoundly already widely deployed in tens of thousands of applications in every discipline in an AI Arms Race that, due to its inscrutability, can lead to unfathomed risks. This paper presents an axiology of data science, its purpose, nature, importance, risks, and value for problem solving, by exploring and evaluating its remarkable, definitive features. As data science is in its infancy, this initial, speculative axiology is intended to aid in understanding and defining data science to recognize its potential benefits, risks, and open research challenges. AI based data science is inherently about uncertainty that may be more realistic than our preference for the certainty of science. Data science will have impacts far beyond knowledge discovery and will take us into new ways of understanding the world.

翻译：数据科学并非一门科学。它是一种研究范式，其范围、规模、复杂性和知识发现能力前所未有，能实现其他方式无法达成的发现，甚至超越人类推理能力。它正以实践性且深刻的方式改变着我们的世界，已在人工智能军备竞赛中的数万个应用中广泛部署，遍及各个学科领域——由于其不可解释性，这种军备竞赛可能导致难以预见的风险。本文通过探索和评估数据科学显著且关键的特征，提出数据科学的价值论体系，涵盖其目的、性质、重要性、风险及问题求解价值。鉴于数据科学仍处于发展初期，这一初步的思辨性价值论旨在帮助理解和定义数据科学，以识别其潜在收益、风险及开放性研究挑战。基于人工智能的数据科学本质上关乎不确定性，这种不确定性或许比人类对科学确定性的偏好更为现实。数据科学将产生远超知识发现的深远影响，并引领我们步入理解世界的新途径。