Twelve years have passed since World IPv6 Launch Day, but what is the current state of IPv6 deployment? Prior work has examined IPv6 status as a binary: can a user do any IPv6? As deployment increases, we must consider a more nuanced, non-binary perspective on IPv6: how much and often can a user or a service use IPv6? We consider this question as a client, server, and cloud provider. Considering the client's perspective, we observe user traffic. We see that the fraction of IPv6 traffic a user sends varies greatly, both across users and day-by-day, with a standard deviation of over 15%. We show this variation occurs for two main reasons. First, IPv6 traffic is primarily human-generated, thus showing diurnal patterns. Second, some services lead with full IPv6 adoption, while others lag with partial or no support, so as users do different things their fraction of IPv6 varies. We look at server-side IPv6 adoption in two ways. First, we expand analysis of web services to examine how many are only partially IPv6 enabled due to their reliance on IPv4-only resources. Our findings reveal that only 12.6% of top 100k websites qualify as fully IPv6-ready. Finally, we examine cloud support for IPv6. Although all clouds and CDNs support IPv6, we find that tenant deployment rates vary significantly across providers. We find that ease of enabling IPv6 in the cloud is correlated with tenant IPv6 adoption rates, and recommend best practices for cloud providers to improve IPv6 adoption. Our results suggest IPv6 deployment is growing, but many services lag, presenting a potential for improvement.

翻译：自世界IPv6启动日已过去十二年，但IPv6部署的现状究竟如何？先前研究将IPv6状态视为二元问题：用户能否使用IPv6？随着部署规模扩大，我们必须以更精细的非二元视角审视IPv6：用户或服务能在多大程度及多高频率上使用IPv6？本文从客户端、服务器和云提供商三重维度探讨该问题。在客户端层面，我们观测用户流量数据，发现用户发送的IPv6流量比例存在显著差异——不同用户间及每日波动标准差超过15%。这种波动主要源于两个原因：其一，IPv6流量主要由人工生成，因而呈现昼夜节律模式；其二，部分服务已实现完全IPv6支持，而其他服务仅部分支持或完全未支持，导致用户进行不同操作时IPv6使用比例随之变化。在服务器端，我们通过两种方式考察IPv6采用情况：首先扩展对网络服务的分析，探究因依赖纯IPv4资源而导致部分启用IPv6的服务比例。研究发现，全球前10万网站中仅12.6%达到完全IPv6就绪标准。最后，我们考察云服务对IPv6的支持现状。尽管所有云平台与CDN均宣称支持IPv6，但租户实际部署率在各提供商间差异显著。研究表明，云平台启用IPv6的便捷性与租户采用率呈正相关，据此为云提供商提出提升IPv6采用率的最佳实践建议。研究结果表明IPv6部署虽持续增长，但多数服务仍显滞后，存在显著改进空间。