The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activity rhythms and life routines. Understanding the dynamics of these impacts on different groups of people is essential for creating environments where people's lives and well-being are least disturbed during such circumstances. Starting in June 2021, we conducted a year-long study to collect high-resolution data from fitness trackers as well as answers to monthly questionnaires from 128 working adults. Using questionnaires, we investigate how routines of exercising and working have changed throughout the pandemic for different people. In addition to that, for each person in the study, we build temporal distributions of daily step counts to quantify their daily movement rhythms and use the inverse of the Earth mover's distance between different movement rhythms to quantify the movement consistency over time. Throughout the pandemic, our cohort shows a shift in exercise routines, manifested in a decrease in time spent on non-walking physical exercises as opposed to the unchanged amount of time spent on walking. In terms of daily rhythms of movement, we show that migrants and those who live alone demonstrate a lower level of consistency of daily rhythms of movement compared to their counterparts. We also observe a relationship between movement and on-site work attendance, as participants who go to work (as opposed to working remotely) also tend to maintain more consistent daily rhythms of movement. Men and migrants show a faster pace in going back to work after the decrease in restriction measures that were set in place due to the pandemic. Our results quantitatively demonstrate the unequal effect of the pandemic among different sub-populations and inform organizations and policymakers to provide more adequate support and adapt to the different needs of different groups in the post-pandemic era.

翻译：新冠疫情显著改变了人们的日常活动节律与生活规律。理解这些影响在不同人群中的动态变化，对于创造尽量减少此类状况对人们生活与福祉干扰的环境至关重要。自2021年6月起，我们开展了一项为期一年的研究，通过健身追踪器收集128名在职成年人的高分辨率数据，并每月回收其问卷答案。通过问卷，我们探究了不同人群在疫情期间的锻炼与工作习惯变化。此外，我们为每位研究对象构建了日常步数的时间分布，以量化其日常运动节律，并利用不同运动节律之间的推土机距离的倒数来量化运动一致性随时间的变化。在整个疫情期间，我们的受试群体表现出锻炼习惯的转移，具体体现为非步行体育锻炼时间的减少，而步行时间则未发生显著变化。在运动日常节律方面，流动人口和独居者相较于其他群体，其日常运动节律的一致性较低。我们还观察到运动与现场工作出勤之间的关联：选择上班（而非远程办公）的参与者往往也保持更一致的日常运动节律。在防疫限制措施放宽后，男性和流动人口复工速度更快。我们的研究结果定量揭示了疫情在不同亚群体中的非均衡影响，为组织机构及政策制定者在后疫情时代提供更充足的针对性支持，并适应不同群体的差异化需求提供了依据。