Quantum computers are promising powerful computers for solving complex problems, but access to real quantum hardware remains limited due to high costs. Although the software simulators on CPUs/GPUs such as Qiskit, ProjectQ, and Qsun offer flexibility and support for many qubits, they struggle with high power consumption and limited processing speed, especially as qubit counts scale. Accordingly, quantum emulators implemented on dedicated hardware, such as FPGAs and analog circuits, offer a promising path for addressing energy efficiency concerns. However, existing studies on hardware-based emulators still face challenges in terms of limited flexibility and lack of fidelity evaluation. To overcome these gaps, we propose FQsun, a quantum emulator that enhances performance by integrating four key innovations: efficient memory organization, a configurable Quantum Gate Unit (QGU), optimized scheduling, and multiple number precisions. Five FQsun versions with different number precisions are implemented on the Xilinx ZCU102, consuming a maximum power of 2.41W. Experimental results demonstrate high fidelity, low mean square error, and high normalized gate speed, particularly with 32-bit versions, establishing FQsun's capability as a precise quantum emulator. Benchmarking on famous quantum algorithms reveals that FQsun achieves a superior power-delay product, outperforming software simulators on CPUs in the processing speed range.

翻译：量子计算机作为解决复杂问题的强大计算设备前景广阔，但由于高昂成本，实际量子硬件的获取仍然受限。尽管基于CPU/GPU的软件模拟器（如Qiskit、ProjectQ和Qsun）具有灵活性且支持多量子比特，但随着量子比特数量增加，它们面临高功耗和处理速度受限的挑战。因此，在专用硬件（如FPGA和模拟电路）上实现的量子模拟器为解决能效问题提供了可行路径。然而，现有基于硬件的模拟器研究仍面临灵活性不足和保真度评估缺失的挑战。为突破这些局限，我们提出FQsun量子模拟器，它通过集成四项关键创新提升性能：高效内存组织、可配置量子门单元（QGU）、优化调度机制及多数值精度支持。在Xilinx ZCU102平台上实现了五种不同数值精度的FQsun版本，最高功耗仅为2.41W。实验结果表明其具有高保真度、低均方误差和高归一化门速度，特别是32位版本，验证了FQsun作为精确量子模拟器的能力。通过对经典量子算法的基准测试，FQsun在特定处理速度范围内展现出优于CPU软件模拟器的功耗-延迟积性能。