In this paper, we propose a bilateral peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading scheme under single-contract and multi-contract market setups, both as an assignment game, and a special class of coalitional games. {The proposed market formulation allows for efficient computation of a market equilibrium while keeping the desired economic properties offered by the coalitional games. Furthermore, our market model allows buyers to have heterogeneous preferences (product differentiation) over the energy sellers, which can be economic, social, or environmental. To address the problem of scalability in coalitional games, we design a novel distributed negotiation mechanism that utilizes the geometric structure of the equilibrium solution to improve the convergence speed. Our algorithm enables market participants (prosumers) to reach a consensus on a set of ``stable" and ``fair" bilateral contracts which encourages prosumer participation.} The negotiation process is executed with virtually minimal information requirements on a time-varying communication network that in turn preserves privacy. We use operator-theoretic tools to rigorously prove its convergence. Numerical simulations illustrate the benefits of our negotiation protocol and show that the average execution time of a negotiation step is much faster than the benchmark.

翻译：本文提出了一种在单合约与多合约市场框架下的双边点到点（P2P）能源交易方案，该方案同时被建模为指派博弈及合作博弈的一个特殊子类。所提出的市场模型在保持合作博弈理想经济属性的同时，实现了市场均衡的高效计算。此外，我们的市场模型允许买方对能源卖方具有异质性偏好（产品差异化），这些偏好可涵盖经济、社会或环境维度。为解决合作博弈中的可扩展性问题，我们设计了一种新颖的分布式协商机制，该机制利用均衡解的几何结构来提升收敛速度。所提算法使市场参与者（产消者）能够就一组"稳定"且"公平"的双边合约达成共识，从而促进产消者参与。协商过程在时变通信网络上仅需极少量信息交互，从而保障隐私安全。我们采用算子理论工具严格证明了该算法的收敛性。数值仿真验证了协商协议的优势，表明单步协商的平均执行时间显著快于基准方法。