Virtual Reality (VR) enables users to engage with capabilities beyond human limitations, but it is not always obvious how to trigger these capabilities. Taking the lens of Affordance, we believe avatar design is the key to solving this issue, which ideally should communicate its capabilities and how to activate them. To understand the current practice, we selected eight capabilities across four categories and invited twelve professional designers to design avatars that communicate the capabilities and their corresponding interactions. From the resulting designs, we formed 16 guidelines to provide general and category-specific recommendations. Then, we validated these guidelines by letting two groups of twelve participants design avatars with and without guidelines. Participants rated the guidelines' clarity and usefulness highly. External judges confirmed that avatars designed with the guidelines were more intuitive in conveying the capabilities and interaction methods. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of the guidelines in avatar design for four VR applications.

翻译：虚拟现实（VR）使用户能够体验超越人类极限的能力，但如何触发这些能力并非总是显而易见。从可供性视角出发，我们认为化身设计是解决这一问题的关键，理想情况下应传达其能力及激活方式。为理解当前实践，我们选取了四个类别中的八种能力，并邀请十二位专业设计师设计能够传达这些能力及其对应交互方式的化身。基于所得设计，我们制定了16条指南，提供通用及特定类别的设计建议。随后，我们通过让两组各十二名参与者分别在有指南和无指南条件下设计化身来验证这些指南。参与者对指南的清晰度和实用性给予高度评价。外部评审者确认，依据指南设计的化身在传达能力与交互方式方面更为直观。最后，我们通过四个VR应用中的化身设计案例展示了该指南的适用性。