Precision cardiology based on cardiac digital twins requires accurate simulations of cardiac arrhythmias. However, detailed models, such as the monodomain model, are computationally costly and have limited applicability in practice. Thus, it desirable to have fast models that can still represent the main physiological features presented during cardiac arrhythmias. The eikonal model is an approximation of the monodomain model that is widely used to describe the arrival times of the electrical wave. However, the standard eikonal model does not generalize to the complex re-entrant dynamics that characterize the cardiac arrhythmias. In this work, we propose an eikonal model that includes the tissue re-excitability, which allows to describe re-entries. The re-excitability properties are inferred from the monodomain model. Our eikonal model also handles the tissue anisotropy and heterogeneity. We compare the eikonal model to the monodomain model in various numerical experiments in the atria and the ventricles. The eikonal model is qualitatively accurate in the simulation of re-entries and can be potentially ran in real-time, opening the door to its clinical applicability.

翻译：基于心脏数字孪生的精准心脏病学需要对心律失常进行精确仿真。然而，诸如单域模型等详细模型计算成本高昂，在实际应用中受限。因此，需要能够再现心律失常期间主要生理特征的快速模型。程函模型作为单域模型的近似，被广泛用于描述电波到达时间。然而，标准程函模型无法推广至表征心律失常的复杂折返动力学。本工作提出了一种包含组织可再兴奋性的程函模型，该模型能够描述折返现象。可再兴奋性参数从单域模型推导得出。所提出的程函模型同时处理组织各向异性和异质性。我们在心房与心室的多组数值实验中对比了程函模型与单域模型。该程函模型在折返仿真中具有定性的准确性，且具备实时运行潜力，为其临床适用性开辟了道路。